The inductor in the ac circuit is offering a reactance (X) to the flow of current. Inductive reactance, X=2πfL, where f is the supply frequency and L is the inductance. The vector sum of this value and the value of resistance will give the impedance of the circuit, and the ratio of the resistance (R) to the impendance (Z) is the power factor .
Since there is only inductance in this example, like this type of circuit the power factor will be lagging, i.e. the current will lag the voltage by the angle calculated above.
PF = cos φ = R/Z
Since there is only inductance in this example, like this type of circuit the power factor will be lagging, i.e. the current will lag the voltage by the angle calculated above.
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